douglas mcgregor theory x theory y pdf files

Still these theories are very important tools in understanding the behaviour of human being and in designing the motivational schemes. However, there can be exceptions.Ī lower level employee may be more responsible and mature than a well qualified high level employee. Theory Y appears to be applicable to the educated, skilled and professional employees who understand their responsibilities and do not need any direction and control. Though, no generalizations can be made, still it appears that theory X is more applicable to unskilled and uneducated lower class workers who work for the satisfaction of their physiological needs only. Each person possesses the traits of Theory X and theory Y, though the degrees may be different under different situations. No person can belong to these two extreme situations. Theory X and the Theory Y represent two extremes. Thus, delegation of authority, job enlargement, management by objectives and participative management techniques are great motivators for the employee. McGregor himself holds that the assumptions of theory Y are more valid than Theory X. This theory places greater emphasis on satisfaction of high level needs of the employees. The individual and organisational goals do not conflict in this approach. It emphasizes on co-operation between management and employees. This theory has assumed a new approach in management. He can view work as natural or enjoyable as rest or play. The average human being does not inherently dislike work. This theory makes the following assumptions about people:ġ.

For such people, Theory Y seems to be applicable, which is the contrast of Theory X.

This approach assumes that management by direction and control is a questionable method for motivating such people whose physiological and social needs have been satisfied and whose social esteem and self actualization needs are becoming more important. Workers have to be persuaded and pushed into performance. This is an autocratic style of leadership based on the traditional theory of what workers are like and what management must do to motivate them. Managers who advocate these views feel that extreme control is most appropriate for dealing with irresponsible and immature employees. These assumptions about human nature are negative in their approach. Most workers place security above all other factors associated with work.

Douglas mcgregor theory x theory y pdf files